Hornet stings: life-threatening even without a known allergy

In early September 2026, a 60-year-old man from Ninove was declared brain-dead after being stung dozens of times by Asian hornets, including on his neck. He had no known allergy to wasp or hornet venom. According to his family, his head and throat swelled rapidly, he struggled to breathe and went into cardiac arrest due to a lack of oxygen. A shocking example of something many people do not realise: you do not have to be allergic for insect stings to put your life at risk.

How can that happen without an allergy?

In an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), the immune system overreacts to even a single sting. But even without that allergy, a large number of stings at once — such as an attack by an entire nest — can simply introduce too much venom into the body. At first glance, the result can resemble allergic shock: rapid swelling, breathing difficulties, a drop in blood pressure.

When should you always call 112?

• the sting is in or around the mouth, throat, nose or neck
• there are multiple stings at once (nest attack)
• the person has difficulty breathing, feels dizzy, or their blood pressure appears to be dropping
• you know the person is allergic to insect stings

First aid for an “ordinary” sting

• Do not remove a stinger by squeezing it or pulling it out with tweezers — this can inject more venom. Scrape it off sideways.
• Wash the area with soap and water.
• Cool with a cold compress or ice wrapped in a cloth.
• A painkiller such as paracetamol may help with discomfort.

If an EpiPen is available

Does a colleague or visitor with a known allergy carry an adrenaline auto-injector (EpiPen)? Here is how to use it:

1. Pull the blue safety cap straight up — only when you are ready to use it.
2. Push the orange end firmly and at a right angle against the outer thigh until you hear a click. Hold for 3 seconds.
3. Remove the pen.
4. Call 112 immediately and report that this is anaphylaxis.
5. No improvement, or symptoms getting worse? For a possible second EpiPen, follow the prescribed emergency plan and the 112 dispatcher's instructions.

This does not replace first aid training, but it can make the difference in the minutes before help arrives.

Sources: VRT NWS — man from Ninove brain-dead after hornet stings · Test-Aankoop — Asian hornet · EpiPen — manufacturer's instructions for use